St. George Monastery

Landmarks

St. George Al-Humayra Patriarchal Monastery

St. George Al-Humayra Patriarchal Monastery, located in the village of Almishtaya within the "Wadi Alnasara" region of Syria, stands as a living testament to centuries of spiritual devotion and historical significance. This revered Antiochian Orthodox sanctuary has continuously served as a beacon of faith, culture, and community cohesion across generations.

Monastery Archive (1960 - 1970)

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Historical Background

The monastery's origins are traditionally traced back to the 5th or 6th century AD, during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. It is widely believed to have been constructed atop the ruins of an ancient pagan temple dedicated to the deity 'Homeros'.

Architectural Evolution

The architectural evolution of the monastery reflects its rich history and the diverse eras it has witnessed. The complex features three distinct floors, each embodying a different epoch of construction and unique cultural influence.

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First Floor: The Old Monastery

The oldest part of the monastery was originally a cave, surrounded by cells for devout monks. Its southern facade is distinguished by a gate built of black stones, adjacent to a small stone window that was historically used to distribute bread and provisions to the needy, embodying the monastery's role in community service.

First Floor: The Old Monastery
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Second Floor: The Old Church

Added in the 12th century during the Crusader era, the second floor features a western entrance adorned with a carved cross, reflecting Crusader architectural styles. The entry is marked by the 'Horse Doors', named for their narrow design originally intended for riders. This floor houses the historic 'Old Church'.

Second Floor: The Old Church
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Third Floor: The New Church

Constructed in 1857, the third floor introduced a magnificent high dome and a new church decorated with exquisite wooden icons. This expansion represents a shift toward architectural grandeur, integrating elements of 19th-century design. The new church features a majestic wooden iconostasis, regarded as one of the finest in Syria and Lebanon; its completion spanned twenty-two years, with its sacred icons painted by master iconographers from Jerusalem in the 19th century.

Third Floor: The New Church
Third Floor: The New Church

Cultural and Religious Significance

Throughout its long history, the monastery has remained a pivotal center for religious observance and community gatherings. Its courtyards and guest quarters teem with thousands of visitors and the faithful during major feast seasons. Foremost among these occasions are the Feast of Saint George on May 6th and the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross on September 14th, where pilgrims flock to participate in prayers and celebrations that blend solemn reverence with communal joy. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these gatherings evolved into comprehensive economic and cultural seasons. The monastery hosted vibrant trade fairs—locally known as 'Mawsim al-Dayr' (The Monastery Season)—attracting merchants and artisans from across Syria to showcase their agricultural and handcrafted products. These events fostered a spirit of unity among diverse communities, including both Christians and Muslims, the latter of whom revere Saint George under the title 'Al-Khidr Abu al-Abbas.' The Monastery Market, established in 1913 under Patriarch Gregorios Haddad, was distinguished by its vaulted arcade and shops reminiscent of traditional heritage souks. This structure cemented the monastery’s role not only as a spiritual beacon but also as a center for commerce and social solidarity, where monks would distribute bread to the needy through a designated stone window, establishing the monastery as a radiating center of culture and service in the region.
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The Umari Manuscript

Among the monastery’s invaluable treasures is the 'Umari Manuscript,' a parchment document dictated by Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab to Mu‘awiya ibn Sufyan in the fourth year of the Hijra (Islamic calendar). This document outlines the terms of protection for Christian communities under Islamic rule, emphasizing the sanctity of their places of worship, the prohibition of forced conversion, and the safeguarding of their religious leaders and properties. The manuscript serves as a historical testament to early Islamic policies regarding religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence.

References

  • 1

    Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East. St. Georges Al-Homeyra Patriarchal Monastery. https://www.antiochpatriarchate.org/en/page/st-georges-al-homeyra-patriarchal-monastery/145/

  • 2

    Wikipedia contributors. Saint George's Monastery, Homs. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Monastery%2C_Homs

  • 3

    Syrian Arab News Agency. St. George Monastery in Homs, one of the oldest monasteries in Syria. https://sana.sy/en/?p=9808